Overburden removal is a fundamental process in coal mining operations, involving the extraction of the layers of rock, soil, and other materials that lie above the coal seams of an open pit mine.  These overlying materials, known as overburden, must be removed to access and extract the coal deposits beneath. The process aims to expose the coal seams while ensuring safe and efficient mining operations.

The overburden removal process begins with careful planning and surveying in accordance to environmental impact studies to determine the most effective methods for excavation. Heavy equipment such as bulldozers, excavators, and haul trucks are used to strip away the overlying materials. The equipment removes the overburden in layers, exposing the coal seams below. The removed overburden is either transported to designated disposal areas, known as spoil piles, or used to backfill areas that have been mined out.

Environmental considerations play a significant role in overburden removal. Mining companies must adhere to regulations and best practices to mitigate the impact of the process on surrounding ecosystems and communities. This includes measures such as proper soil management, reclamation of mined areas, and dust control.